The following references relate to research done about the FIM™ instrument. The references are sorted by year of publication (most recent on top), then by author(s). If you know of other articles that are appropriate to list here please forward them to us at fim@uow.edu.au.

• Pretz CR, Kean J, Heinemann AW, Kozlowski AJ, Bode RK and Gebhardt E (2016) A Multidimensional Rasch Analysis of the Functional Independence Measure Based on the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33 (14): 1358-1362.
  
   
• Hinkle JL, McClaran J, et al. (2010) Reliability and validity of the adult alpha functional independence measure instrument in England. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 42 (1): 12-18.
  
   
• Turner-Stokes L, Williams H, et al. (2010) Deriving a Barthel Index from the Northwick Park Dependency Scale and the Functional Independence Measure: are they equivalent? Clinical Rehabilitation. 24 (12): 1121-1126.
  
   
• Mackintosh S (2009) Functional Independence Measure. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 55 (1): 65.
  
   
• Wang YC, Byers KL, et al. (2008) Validation of FIM-MDS crosswalk conversion algorithm. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 45 (7): 1065-1076.
  
   
•  Seel RT, Wright G, et al. (2007) The Utility of the FIM+FAM for Assessing Traumatic Brain Injury Day Program Outcomes. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 22 (5): 267-277.
  
   
• Velozo CA, Byers KL, et al. (2007) Translating measures across the continuum of care: Using Rasch analysis to create a crosswalk between the Functional Independence Measure and the Minimum Data Set. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 44 (3): 467.
  
   
• Chen CC, Heinemann A W, Bode RK, Granger CV and Mallinson T (2004) Impact of paediatric rehabilitation services on children's functional outcomes. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58 (1): 44-53.
  
   
• Wong V, Wong S, Chan K and Wong W (2002) Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) for Chinese children: Hong Kong Cohort. Paediatrics, 109 (2): 317-319.
  
   
• Daving S, Andren E, Nordholm L and Grimby G (2001) Reliability of an interview approach to the Functional Independence. Clinical Rehabilitation. 15 (3): 301-310.
  
   
• Ziviani J, Ottenbacher KJ, Shephard K, Foreman S, Astbury W and Ireland P (2001) Concurrent validity of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM™) and the Paediatric Evaluation of Disabilities Inventory in children with developmental disabilities and acquired brain injuries. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Paediatrics, (21:2-3): 91-101.
  
   
• Clark GS, Stillman GR, Linn RT and Granger CV (2000) Predictive potential of the Alpha FIM instrument in the acute hospital setting. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79 (2): 214-215. [Poster Abstract]
  
   
• Ottenbacher KJ, Msall ME, Lyon N, et al (2000) The WeeFIM instrument: its utility in detecting change in children with developmental disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81 (10): 1317-1326.
  
   
• Dickson HG and Kohler F (1999) Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 31 (1): 63-64.
  
   
• Yung A, Wong V, Yeung R, et al (1999) Outcome measure for paediatric rehabilitation: use of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM): a pilot study in Chinese children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Paediatric Rehabilitation, 3 (1): 21-28.
  
   
• Braun S (1998) Featured instrument. The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM instrument): gateway to the WeeFIM System. Journal of Rehabilitation Outcomes Measurement, 2 (4): 63-68.
  
   
• DeNise-Annunziata D and Scharf A (1998) Functional status as an important predictor of length of stay in a paediatric rehabilitation hospital. Journal of Rehabilitation Outcomes Measurement, 2 (2): 12-21.
  
   
• Granger CV, Deutsch A and Linn RT (1998) Rasch Analysis of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) Mastery Test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 79: 52-57.
  
   
• Fricke J and Unsworth CA (1997) Inter-rater reliability of the original and modified Bartel Index, ad a comparison with the Functional Independence Measure. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 44 (1): 22-29.
  
   
• Ottenbacher KJ, Msall ME, Lyon NL, Duffy LC, Granger CV and Braun S (1997) Interrater agreement and stability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM): use in children with developmental disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78 (12): 1309-1315.
  
   
• Sperle PA, Ottenbacher KJ, Braun SL, Lane SJ and Nochajski S (1997) Equivalence reliability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) administration methods. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51 (1): 35-41.
  
   
• Deutsch A, Braun S and Granger CV (1996) The Functional Independence Measure (FIMSM Instrument) and the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM® instrument): ten years of development. Critical Reviews™ in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 8 (4): 267-281.
  
   
• Dickson HG and Kohler F (1996) The multidimensionality of the FIM motor items precludes an interval scaling using Rasch analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 26 (3): 159-162.
  
   
• Mauthe RW, Haaf DC, Hayn P and Krall JM (1996) Predicting discharge destination of stroke patients using a mathematical model based on six items from the Functional Independence Measure. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77 (1): 10-13.
  
   
• McCabe MA (1996) Paediatric functional independence measure: clinical trials with disabled and non-disabled children. Applied Nursing Research, 9 (3): 136-138.
  
   
• McPherson KM, Pentland B, Cudmore SF and Prescott RJ (1996) An inter-rater reliability study of the Functional Assessment Measure (FIM + FAM). Disability and Rehabilitation. 18 (7): 341-347.
  
   
• Msall ME, Ottenbacher K, Duffy L, et al (1996) Reliability and validity of the WeeFIM in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Paediatric Research, 39 (Suppl to 4): 378. Abstract.
  
   
• Ottenbacher KJ, Hsu Y, Granger CV and Fielder RC (1996) The reliability of the Functional Independence Measure: A Quantitative Review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 77: 1226-1232.
  
   
• Ottenbacher KJ, Taylor ET, Msall ME, et al (1996) The stability and equivalence reliability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38 (10): 907-916.
  
   
• Smith PM, Illig SB, Fielder RC, Hamilton BB and Ottenbacher KJ (1996) Intermodal Agreement of Follow-Up Functional Assessment Using the Functional Independence Measure in Patients with Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 77 (5): 431-435.
  
   
• Dickson HG and Kohler F (1995) The Functional Independence Measure: a comparative validity and reliability study. Disability and Rehabilitation. 17 (18): 456.
  
   
• Dickson HG and Kohler F (1995) Interrater reliability of the 7-level functional independence measure (FIM). Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 27:253-256.
  
   
• Kidd D, Stewart G, Baldry J, Johnson J, Rossiter A, Petruchevitch A and Thompson AS (1995) The Functional Independence Measure: A comparative validity and reliability study. Disability and Rehabilitation. 17:10-14.
  
   
• Rivera S (1995) Cultural differences on the WeeFIM. Masters Abstracts International, 33 (05): 1502. Abstract.
  
   
• Brosseau L and Wolfson C (1994) The inter-rater reliability and construct validity of the Functional Independence Measure for multiple sclerosis subjects. Clinical Rehabilitation. 8 (2): 107-115.
  
   
• Chau N, Daler S, Andre JM and Partis A (1994) Inter-rater agreement of two functional independence scales: The Functional independence Measure (FIM) and subjective uniform continuous scale. Disability and Rehabilitation. 16 (2) :63-71.
  
   
• Dickson HG, Hodgkinson A and Kohler F (1994) Inpatient quality assurance by local analysis of UDS data. Journal of Quality in Clinical Practice. 14 (3): 145-148.
  
   
• Hamilton BB, Laughlin JA, Fieldler RC and Granger CV (1994) Inter-rater Reliability of the 7-level Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 26 (3): 115-119.
  
   
• Molea MM (1994) Norms for an infant population on the paediatric functional independence measure (WeeFIM). Masters Abstracts International,. 32 (05): 1383. Abstract.
  
   
• Msall ME, DiGaudio K, Duffy LC, Laforest S, Braun SL and Granger CV (1994) WeeFIM. Normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical Paediatrics, 33 (7): 431-438.
  
   
• Msall ME, DiGaudio K, Rogers BT, et al (1994) The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). Conceptual basis and pilot use in children with developmental disabilities. Clinical Paediatrics, 33 (7): 421-430.
  
   
• Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD, Granger CV and Hamilton BB (1994) The structure and stability of the Functional Independence Measure. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 75 (2): 127-132.
  
   
• Taylor ET (1994) The retest reliability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). Buffalo, NY: University at Buffalo.
  
   
• Fricke J, Unsworth CA and Worrell D (1993) Reliability of the Functional Independence Measure with Occupational Therapists. The Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 40 (1): 7-15.
  
   
• Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Linarce JM, Heinemann AW and Wright BD (1993) Performance. Profiles of the Functional Independence Measure. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72 (2): 84-89.
  
   
• Laughlin JA, Granger CV and Hamilton BB (1992) Outcomes measurement in medical rehabilitation. Rehab Management, 5 (1): 57-58.
   
• Hall KM, Hamilton BB, Gordon WA and Zasler ND (1993) Characteristics and comparisons of functional assessment indices: Disability Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Functional Assessment Measure. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 8 (2): 60-74.
  
   
• Braun SL and Granger CV (1991) A practical approach to functional assessment in paediatrics. Occupational Therapy Practice, 2 (2): 46-51.
  
   
• McCabe MA (1991) Evaluating the validity and reliability of the paediatric functional independence measure. Dissertation Abstracts International, 52 (05) B: 2502. Abstract.
  
   
• McCabe MA and Granger CV (1990) Content validity of a paediatric functional independence measure. Applied Nursing Research, 3 (3): 120-121.
  
   
• Msall ME, Rosenberg S, DiGaudio KM, Braun SL, Duffy L and Granger CV (1990) Pilot test for the WeeFIM for children with motor impairments. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32 (Suppl 62): 46. Abstract.

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* FIM™ and WeeFIM® are trademarks of the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, a division of UB Foundation Activities, Inc.